Board Thread:Lore Discussion/@comment-5998922-20130116022307/@comment-3186827-20130116144707

The Thalmor banned Talos worship because as they seek to re-achieve divinity, like their ancestors were before the creation of Mundus. Read The_Towers

There is no real relationship between Talos and the Dragonborn other than they are both individuals who were formally recognised as Dragonborn by the Greybeards.